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Blue & White
Practically speaking, Chinese blue and white porcelain is contrived using a blue pigment from cobalt oxide. It creates designs on clean white clay which is glazed and fired at high temperatures, but the history of blue and white Chinese pottery is much more poetic.
Blue and white ceramics hold a special significance in the rich and varied history of China’s pottery industry and the origin of the famous blue gained recognition during the Tang dynasty (618 – 907). However it wasn’t until the Mongolian-ruled Yuan dynasty (1279 – 1368) that the production techniques of what has become antique blue and white stoneware reached maturity.
As the Silk Road trade route flourished, cobalt ores were imported from Persia and were an extremely expensive and scarce commodity used only sparingly, hence why blue and white China antique vases, bowls and plates are highly desired by collectors, both for their beauty and their scarcity.
The Yuan artisans took extraordinary pride in their work because it had a mythological, almost religious element, the Yuan mythical animal large charger in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (collection number EAX.1707) is a classical representation.
Chinese blue and white porcelain has always been highly prized, often reserved for diplomatic gifts and special occasions.
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23. M2170
£9,500Chinese porcelain blue and white sweetmeat dish, mukozuke, in the form of a recumbent buffalo, the details picked out in lines, blue wash and splashed on both sides with fukizumi, the underside moulded with the head and tail outlined, all on three short feet.
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24. M2239/40
£16,000Two Chinese porcelain blue and white sweetmeat dishes, mukozuke, each in the form of a recumbent horse on four short round feet, the details painted in outline and blue wash, the underside moulded and outlined to reveal the features, mane and tail.
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25. M4424
£6,500Chinese porcelain blue and white sweetmeat dish, mukozuke, in the form of a reclining Buddhist lion on four feet, with detailed hairwork to the tail, eyebrows and beard, painted in lines and wash, the underside moulded to reveal the features of the lion.
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26. M4415
£8,500Chinese porcelain blue and white sweetmeat dish, mukozuke, in the form of a shell on three short circular feet, painted with a large shrimp amongst aquatic plants with lobed and ribbed shell end, heightened on both sides with fukizumi.
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29. M4897
£6,500Chinese porcelain blue and white sweetmeat dish, mukozuke, of biwa or lute form on three feet, painted with the three-strings dividing a prunus spray and a bamboo spray beneath insects and flight, the underside glazed white.
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32. M3509
£11,500Chinese porcelain blue and white large deep dish, painted in the centre with a substantial hill-side rock and the roof of a house on the top amongst trees in a lake scene with a man seated on a rocky promontory all beneath the moon, the border with reserves with stylised branches on a keyfret and striped ground, the underside with four stylised pearls.
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33. M3485
£14,500Chinese porcelain blue and white large saucer dish painted in the centre with a seated scholar leaning on a rockwork table, looking out at a waterfall emerging from the rocks and causing ripples on the river, all in a landscape scene with overhanging rockwork and plants beneath a cloud bank and birds in flight, all within a single line, the reverse with two birds perched amongst branches between double lines, the base glazed white.
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34. M4595
£8,500Chinese porcelain blue and white ‘snowflake’ form deep bowl, with wide flat everted octagonal foliate rim with horseshoe indentations, painted in the centre with a flower head on a leafy branch encircled by a ribbon-tied lozenge, ribbon-tied music stones and two pairs of crossed hu tablets amongst leaves, all within a double ring, the flat wide everted rim painted with two swallows in flight between long branches with flower and leaves, all within a blue-washed border, the underside with two pairs of lozenges and pearls.
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35. M4292
£11,500Chinese porcelain blue and white saucer dish painted with two large shrimp beside an eight-character poem, ‘qian yu Cangming, fu ruo long xing', ‘hides in the Cangming river, with a form like the shape of a dragon,’ the cavetto moulded with anhua waves, flowers and ruyi-heads, the underside painted with underglaze blue waves, the base with a six-character mark of Xuande within a double ring.
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36. M4408
£8,500Chinese porcelain blue and white food bowl with irregular foliate rim, painted on the well of the interior with a scholar and attendant standing on a rocky promontory in a river landscape scene, all within a double ring, the deep cavetto with three insects in flight between three prunus flower heads, all beneath a blue-washed rim, the exterior with a butterfly, two insects and two prunus flowers, all on three short bracket feet.
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37. M3502
£38,000Chinese porcelain blue and white summer mizusashi, water container, painted on the interior with two buffalo amongst clumps of grass beneath ruyi-clouds and mountains in the distance, all within a double ring, the exterior with a single rib and stripes imitating a barrel, the foot rim and base unglazed revealing the biscuit body.
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40. M4416
£11,500Chinese porcelain blue and white large circular deep dish with flat everted rim, painted in the centre with a circular fruit within a six-pointed flower head, encircled by anhua flower heads on a scrolling branch with leaves, within a flower head band and a double ring, the rim with eight blue-ground Yamamoto family mon roundels, eight hexagonal flower head medallions and eight stylised flowers above a triangular diaper in the cavetto, all within a pale blue-washed rim, the exterior with nine flower heads, the flat base unglazed revealing the biscuit body.
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41. M4406
£11,500Chinese porcelain blue and white hexagonal deep dish with upright sides painted with a rooster standing on a rocky promontory crowing at the rising sun, beside flower sprays and insects in flight, with cloud banks and mountain peaks in the distance, all within a single blue line and beneath a blue-washed band on the rim, the flat base unglazed.
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42. M4704
£14,500Chinese porcelain blue and white hexagonal lobed deep dish painted in the centre with a pair of birds, one perched on a flowering peony branch, the other with open wings standing amongst rockwork looking up at its mate, amongst grasses and blue-washed flower sprays encircled by a wide hexagonal cash diaper with six flower heads of lotus, poppy, chrysanthemum, peony, pomegranate flower and tree peony, all beneath the upright brown-dressed rim.
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44. M4404
£14,500Chinese porcelain blue and white deep saucer dish of shonzui style with fluted body, hariki petal-shape needle-point rim, painted on a blue ground with two phoenix birds, one standing beside a tree with peony blossom, rockwork, fruiting lingzhi and three precious objects, the other phoenix behind the rock looking back at its mate, encircled by six ruyi-head lappets of aster, camellia and magnolia, all beneath a brown-dressed rim, the underside with a continuous branch of morning glory flowers and buds, the base with a six-character mark of Chenghua within a double ring.
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49. M4904
£12,500Chinese porcelain blue and white shonzui-type faceted decagonal bottle vase of double-gourd form, tokuri, with each facet fluted and ribbed and painted with geometric designs including interlocking keyfret, scrolls, wan-characters, interlaced cash, plum blossom flowers on hexagonal blue ground, weave-pattern, ‘chess-board’, diamonds and flowerhead diaper, between a keyfret band at a narrow waist, the flat unglazed base with short foot rim revealing the fine white biscuit body, the rim slightly reduced with old metalwork fitting.
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R1423
£8,500Chinese porcelain blue and white ginger jar and cover, painted in the reverse technique with a blue crackled ice ground, with sprays of white prunus flower heads beneath a band of scrolls at the shoulder, the cover similarly decorated.
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M4472
£3,850Chinese porcelain blue and white kosometsuke deep plate with everted rim, painted in the centre in vivid blue tones with a fisherman standing at the stern with the rectangular sail open, with rock work in the foreground and a two-tiered pagoda in the distance beneath the moon, with an unusual lappet border in the form of a flower, the underside with sprays of branches.
Further information on Blue & White
During the early Ming dynasty (1368 – 1644), the supply of cobalt oxide from Persia was briefly halted due to foreign trade restrictions and a locally-mined cobalt was used. It’s high concentration of manganese resulted in a softer, more pale blue and it continued to be used all the way through the reigns of emperors Xuande, Chenghua and Zhengde through the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.
It was also at this time that smalt cobalt – achieved by mixing cobalt oxide with molten glass and brought to China by Zheng He’s maritime expeditions – was used to create stunning blue and white Chinese pottery. It resulted in brilliant blues visible in the glazed surfaces of blue and white china antique plates, blue and white china antique vases and blue and white china antique bowls.
As was their wont, the desirability of what has become antique blue and white stoneware was largely dependent on the tastes of each emperor. The fifth Ming emperor Xuande enjoyed Mineral Blue (shizi qing) from Jiangxi province mixed with Muslim Blue (huiqing) from predominantly Central Asia. This generated a deeper purplish-blue tone while the favoured blue and white Chinese porcelain of the ninth Ming emperor Chenghua used the locally-sourced cobalt with high concentrations of manganese, resulting in a paler hue for the blue and white ceramics produced for his Imperial court.