Ming & Earlier
Perhaps the most well-known of all Chinese ceramics, Ming dynasty porcelain benefitted from China’s return to Han Chinese rule in 1368 after 97 years of the foreign Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. As the internecine struggles abated, Ming pottery flourished in the world-famous ‘porcelain town’ of Jingdezhen and beyond.
Out were the old tastes of Song dynasty monochromes and in were the new appetite for Ming dynasty blue and white porcelain. Not without coincidence, the desire for Ming dynasty ceramics was exacerbated both by China’s economic upturn in the fifteenth century as it shifted towards a market economy and at the same time the European renaissance led to thousands of pieces of spectacular Ming porcelain making their way from China to become prized possessions in Europe’s royal palaces and stately homes.
As Ming dynasty porcelain continued its journey of refinement, there were significant innovations that became benchmarks in the rich and detailed history of Ming pottery including jihong under the Xuande emperor (a blood-red glaze of which it is believed there are fewer than 100 remaining examples in museums), doucai (contending colours) under Chenghua, jiaohuang (yellow glaze) under Hongzhi and wucai (five colour) under Wanli. It was also during the reign of Wanli (1572 – 1620) that production techniques, including mixing kaolin clay and pottery stone in equal proportions enhanced the whiteness of the vessel body, enhancing Ming dynasty blue and white porcelain.
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M462
£POAChinese cloisonné rectangular panel, decorated in the centre with two scholars seated in a viewing pavilion while their attendant brings them a wrapped qin, all amongst palace rooftops in a mountainous landscape scene, with willow, wutong, pine and five other different trees, amongst ruyi clouds, rockwork and bamboo sprays, all in rich colours of lapis, green, white, yellow, brown, red and black on a turquoise ground, encircled by a lapis blue-ground border with continuous stylised branches.
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M4896
£68,000A superb Chinese celadon glazed thinly potted deep bowl, carved on the interior and exterior with the flowers of the four seasons, lotus, camellia, chrysanthemum and peony on a scrolling continuous leafy branch, the well of the interior with a single tree-peony issuing from rockwork amongst large leaves, the foot carved with a band of key-fret, covered overall in an even rich celadon glaze. Yongle/Xuande, Longquan kilns, Zhejiang Province, 1402-1435.
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M4905
£23,500A superb Chinese celadon glazed tripod, two-handled incense burner with rounded body, cabriole legs, everted rim and upright openwork handles, covered overall in a bright celadon glaze extending to the interior and on the underside, the feet unglazed revealing the burnt-red fired body, the well of the interior used in the kiln for firing a further piece, with Japanese metalwork gilt- lined cover.
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M4957
£16,500Chinese large celadon glazed tripod incense burner modelled in high-relief with a wide central register containing the ‘Eight Trigrams’ between carved leaves and flowers and within relief ribs, all on three cabriole feet and beneath the flat rim, covered overall in a rich and even unctuous celadon glaze extending onto the interior and base, the unglazed centre of the base and interior revealing the burnt-red biscuit body.
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M5072
£11,500Chinese celadon glazed incense burner modelled as a duck standing on pierced rockwork with upright neck and open beak with incised eyes, wings and feather work, the unglazed flat burnt-red biscuit base revealing the body with some ink characters, one wing forming the censer cover.
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M5237
£12,500A rare Chinese celadon glazed twin-fish handled vase of mallet form with cylindrical body, gently sloping shoulder and upright galleried rim, covered overall in an unctuous slightly crackled celadon glaze, the moulded openwork handles with detailed scales on the bodies of the fish, all on a short footrim revealing he burnt-brown biscuit body, the interior of the rim, neck and base glazed. Early Ming, Longquan kilns, Zhejiang Province, circa 1500.
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M5397
£9,800A Chinese porcelain wucai cylindrical charcoal burner, hire, painted in a continuous scene, with a seated scholar holding a wine cup in his left hand, whilst resting his right hand on a book, beside wine jars and kang table with a ewer, the reverse with his attendant bringing him a goose, amongst bamboo, plantain, rockwork, fencing and foliage, the enamels painted in bright tones of turquoise, yellow, green and aubergine, heightened in iron-red, all beneath a band of double keyfrets in underglaze blue dispersed between flowering branches and precious objects, and beneath a brown-dressed rim, most of the interior unglaze, all on a short foot rim, the underside with a four character mark, tian xia tai ping, "peace and prosperity under heaven", within a double square.
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M5405
£7,500Chinese celadon glazed openwork rectangular-form table screen on integral stand incised with scrolls and petal-shape front, carved with two dragons, one rising from the waves, the other descending from the clouds in a square frame surrounded by seven apertures, the flanged sides incised with scrolls, the reverse plain with two holders for incense, the top edge with chamfered corners, covered overall in an even, rich, celadon glaze, the underside revealing the burnt-red biscuit body from the firing.
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M5417
£POAA remarkable massive Chinese celadon glazed vase carved in high relief on the body with peony flowers on scrolling branches with leaves, beneath a similar register on the neck, above a wide band of relief leaves above the ribbed foot, the flared curved rim with ribs, covered overall in a rich and even luminous celadon glaze continuing on the inside of the neck, the underside of the base with ink marks.
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M5518
£8,500Chinese longquan celadon insense burner and cover of square form, moulded on the exterior in relief with four panels with the Eight Trigrams, repeated twice, within a relief frame, the flat cover surmounted by a Buddhist lion, holding a brocade ball and ribbon it its front paws.
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M5540
£POAChinese porcelain wucai vase and cover of meiping form, painted in a continuous scene, from the Romance of the Western Chamber, with a monk at the monastery being visited by a bandit, with Ying Ying and her maidservant Hongnian looking out from beyond a screen, with a bearded figure looking out from a window, the underglaze blue particularly well-drawn with bamboo rockwork and the roof to the entrance of the monastery, the reverse with iron-red cloud banks, the drop over cover painted with lingzhi, aster and bamboo, the gently sloped top with fruiting peach in iron-red beneath the underglaze blue finial.
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M5630
£7,500Chinese porcelain wucai square-form dish with champfered corners painted in the centre with two phoenix birds in flight on an iron-red cash diaper ground, encircled by sprays of prunus, bamboo, pine and peach flower, the flat everted rim with iron-red keyfret.
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M5632
£8,500Chinese porcelain wucai, ko akai deep dish, with fluted petal-shaped sides and foliate brown-dressed rim, painted with two pheasants, one standing on rockwork the other swooping down, between flowering peach and peony branches, encircled by an elaborate panelled border, of different geometric grounds including fans, flowerheads, hexagons, scales, lozenge and chain-mail, all heightened with bright green, yellow, turquoise and iron-red enamels; the border of the underside incised in anhua with butterflies and insects, dispersed between flowerheads above further anhua petals at the foot.
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R1078
£58,000Chinese pale celadon circular openwork jade box, the pierced cover carved with a long-tailed crested pheasant looking back amongst flowering prunus branches and intricately serrated-edge leaves, all encircled by an archaic-style dragon border, repeated on the box base.
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R1084
£16,500A Chinese pale celadon jade ewer of pear-shape, carved in the archaic style with a wide band of incised scrolls, beneath a raised band of double scrolls, all beneath a keyfret band at the rim, with openwork chilong dragon handle, with his head and front right paw at the rim, all on a splayed foot with high-relief bands, the interior well hollowed.
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R9697
£12,500Large Chinese celadon glazed guan, wine jar, carved in high-relief with flowers of the four seasons, lotus, peony, chrysanthemum, and camellia, beneath a ruyi-cloud band at the shoulder and beneath a key-fret band at the rim, all above a wide band of leaves, covered overall in a luminous even celadon glaze, the unglazed rim and foot rim burnt red in the firing.
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M4925
£65,000A Chinese porcelain blue and white jardinière modelled as a wood barrel, painted on the exterior with a wide band of two carp, a mandarin fish and another fish swimming amongst aquatic plants and lotus flowers, leaves and arrowheads above crested waves and rocks, the foot with a wide band of stylised ruyi, all beneath a blue ground relief band with triangular blue ground diaper of branches and relief blue studs imitating the metal original, beneath an incurved rim painted with a continuous scrolling branch, the slightly recessed base unglazed.
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R1050
£POAA Chinese porcelain blue and white ewer in the form of a frog, the body moulded and the skin stippled on a blue washed ground with prunus flower-heads, the head of the frog with bulbous eyes and cylindrical mouth forming the spout, the back with an open aperture and gently flaring rim, between the upright loop handle decorated with flower heads and leaves, the flat base unglazed.
Further information on Ming & Earlier
Early Ming dynasty ceramics took inspiration from the intricate but busy Islamic styles of the outgoing Yuan Mongols but it wasn’t long before the Han started to exert their own influences on design. From the 15th century onwards, Ming porcelain decoration became more subtle and restrained but as demand grew from Japan and Europe, it once again became more elaborate. It was one of China’s major exports and was often exchanged for Spanish silver. By the sixteenth century, Ming dynasty porcelain included vibrant colours such as blues, reds, greens and yellows.
By the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, it was becoming increasingly common for producers of Ming pottery and Ming porcelain to add imperial reign dates to their wares and there started a trend for artists to sign their wares. A signature on a Ming vase of one of the most highly respected Ming dynasty porcelain artists could dramatically affect its price, such was the reputation of some of the artisan craftsmen of the era, not unlike the European painters of the day.